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Selection Steps

  1. Determine system (machinery/ application).
  2. Determine operating mode (speed, acceleration/deceleration time, positioning time).
  3. Calculate speed of rotation (n), inertia (J) and torque (T).
  4. Select a motor temporarily.
    • The inertia of the selected servo motor is more than a certain ratio of a load Inertia.
      Load/Motor inertia ratio Option 1 Option 2 Option 3
      Closed loop stepping motor 50 100 200
      Stepping motor 30 40 50
      DC brushed servomotor 3 5 10
      DC brushless servomotor 3 5 10
      DC brushless torque motor 10 20 30
      Note: For large inertia (> 20kg∙m2), DC brushed motors and DC brushless motors usually use ratio of 3 or 5.
    • 80% of the Rated Torque of the selected servo motor is more than the load torque of the servomotor shaft conversion value.
  5. Calculate additional acceleration/deceleration torque (MA).
  6. Calculate maximum momentary torque and calculate effective torque
    Acceleration torque (N∙m): M1=M+MA
    Uniform torque (N∙m): M2=M
    Deceleration torque (N∙m): M3=MMA
    Effective torque/Root mean square torque (N∙m): MRMS=1(t1+t2++tn)(t1M12+t2M22++tnMn2)
  7. Confirm motor selection requirements and verify selected motor.
    The maximum torque of the motor is larger than M1;
    The rated torque of the motor is larger than M and MRMS;
    The rated speed of the motor is larger than n.
  8. Rated torque and maximum torque should be calculated if required.

Selection Diagram



Power and Torque

The relationship between power and torque is: M=9550Pn where
M: Torque (N∙m)
P: Power (kW)
n: Speed of Rotation (rpm)

Also, power can be calculated by: P=Fv where
F: Force (N)
v: Velocity (m/s)

In many cases, when force is friction force: F=μmg where
µ: Friction Coefficient (N∙m)
m: Mass (m/s)
g: Gravity Acceleration (m/s2)

External force is positive when it is against the direction of operation.


Formulas for different machinery

Screw Speed of Rotation n=60pv
Inertia JB=18mBDB2 JW=mW(p2π)2 JL=JB+JW
Torque M=Fp2πη MA=2πn60t1(JLη+JM)
Lift Speed of Rotation n=60πDv
Inertia J1=m1D28 J2=m2D24 JL=J1+J2
Torque M=FD2η MA=2πn60t1(JLη+JM)
Belt Speed of Rotation n=60πD1v
Inertia J1=m1D128 J2=m2D228D12D22 J3=m3D124 J4=m4D124 JL=J1+J2+J3+J4
Torque M=FD12η MA=2πn60t1(JLη+JM)
Rack and Pinion Speed of Rotation n=60pzv
Inertia JW=mW(pz2π)2 JL=JP+JW
Torque M=Fpz2πη MA=2πn60t1(JLη+JM)
Four-Wheel Vehicle Speed of Rotation n=60πDv
Inertia JW=18m1D24 JV=m2(D2)2 JL=JW+JV
Torque M=FD2η MA=2πn60t1(JLη+JM)
Table Speed of Rotation n
Inertia J1=18m1D12 J2=18m2D22 J3=18m3D32+m3r2 JL=J1+J2+J3
Torque M=Fdη MA=2πn60t1(JLη+JM)